Saturday, April 22, 2017

Pietro Testa 1612-1650

Pietro Testa
Figures of two Virtues
 for the etching, Earth in the circle of heaven

ca. 1642-44
drawing
Morgan Library, New York

Pietro Testa
Self-portrait
ca. 1645
etching
Philadelphia Museum of Art

Pietro Testa
"I find delight only in learning"
ca. 1644
etching
Philadelphia Museum of Art

"Only recently has the importance of prints by the Carracci, with whose work Testa has most in common, been reassessed.  But those of Testa remain difficult of access.  Once categorized as the oneiric work of a romantic genius, they now appear paradoxically classical in technique and subject. To the admirer of Poussin, the later works seem too full of fantasy and intricate allegory and are separable only with difficulty from the artist's few known paintings, which are often found wanting in color, although not in invention.  The etchings are rarely found in good condition, and even in the most distinguished collections are unmounted, tattered, and creased.

Rembrandt's etchings, widely published, appealed through their subjects to an idea of intimacy that coincides with one aesthetic of etching.  Testa did not market his prints to a wide audience but sought instead to express himself directly to a small group of knowledgeable connoisseurs, such as Cassiano dal Pozzo and Girolamo Buonvisi.  The truth of his expression, both in subject and in the manner in which it was conveyed, was as personal as that of his Northern contemporaries, but it took the forms of the culture in which he lived  not couched in the rhetoric of Protestant spirituality but aspiring to universality in the language of lyric poetry, allegory, and ancient history in the artistic conventions of Italy.  His art was no less intimate or sincere for that.

Testa lived in a classical culture at the very moment when it was coming to an end, and his art is revelatory of the growing tensions between established convention and the emerging values of imagination and sensation.  In the drawings, paintings, and etchings from throughout his short career he communicated explicitly his own interpretation of the inseparability of the natural, the human, and the divine, whether on the basis of familiar religious images or texts of his own choosing, whether through the process of thinking on paper or through the figures of thought and expression that he represented.  The very exploitation of these highly personal images after Testa's death for an international art market stimulated by the desire for novelties led to a loss of understanding of the work of an artist who had etched not for that market but for himself."

 from Elizabeth Cropper's essay in the exhibition catalog Pietro Testa from the Philadelphia Museum of Art (1988)

Pietro Testa
Venus giving arms to Aeneas
ca. 1638-40
etching
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

Pietro Testa
Achilles dragging the body of Hector around the walls of Troy
1648-50
etching
Philadelphia Museum of Art

Pietro Testa
Sinorix carried from the temple
ca. 1640
etching
Philadelphia Museum of Art

Pietro Testa
Death of Sinorix
ca. 1640
drawing
Morgan Library, New York

Pietro Testa
Death of Sinorix
ca. 1640
drawing
Morgan Library, New York

Pietro Testa
Death of Sinorix
ca. 1640
drawing
Morgan Library, New York

Pietro Testa
Landscape with nymphs and satyrs
before 1650
drawing
British Museum

Pietro Testa
Landscape with classical figures
before 1650
drawing
British Museum

Pietro Testa
Presentation of the Virgin
ca. 1642
oil on canvas
Hermitage, Saint Petersburg

Pietro Testa
Alexander the Great saved from the River Cydnus
ca. 1648-50
oil on canvas
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

Pietro Testa
Aeneas on the bank of the River Styx
ca. 1648-50
oil on canvas
private collection